What’s New in Cervical Cancer Research: A Virtual Dialogue

On the 7th of August 2024, Dr. Afrin Shaffi, a distinguished gynecologic oncologist currently based in Malawi, provided invaluable insights during a #HerReasonForBeing X Space dedicated to cervical cancer awareness. This session focused on the critical aspects of cervical cancer prevention, screening, and treatment, drawing attention to the alarming statistics and available preventive strategies.

Cervical cancer remains a significant health challenge, particularly in low-resource settings. Dr. Shaffi highlighted the staggering fact that every day, nine to ten women in Kenya succumb to this largely preventable disease. Cervical cancer, as Dr. Shaffi emphasized, is almost entirely preventable through vaccination, regular screening, and timely treatment. However, due to various systemic barriers, many women do not have access to these life-saving interventions.

Dr. Shaffi underscored the importance of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination as a primary preventive measure against cervical cancer. HPV, a sexually transmitted infection, is the leading cause of cervical cancer, making vaccination before sexual debut crucial. In Kenya, the current recommendation is to vaccinate girls between the ages of 9 and 14, though older women can also benefit from the vaccine. The challenge, however, lies in the low vaccination uptake, currently at 33% in Kenya. Dr. Shaffi noted that a single dose of the vaccine is now considered as effective as the previous two or three-dose regimens, particularly for immunocompetent individuals.

Regular screening is another cornerstone in the fight against cervical cancer. Dr. Shaffi elaborated on the screening methods available, such as the HPV DNA test and visual inspection using acetic acid (VIA). The VIA method, though basic, is widely accessible and can be effectively used in low-resource settings. Dr. Shaffi emphasized that women between the ages of 30 and 49 should undergo screening at least every three years if using VIA, or every five years if using the more sensitive HPV DNA test. Screening allows for the detection of pre-malignant lesions, which can be treated before they develop into full-blown cancer.

For those diagnosed with cervical cancer, treatment options vary depending on the stage of the disease. Early-stage cancers confined to the cervix can be managed surgically, ideally by a gynecologic oncologist. Dr. Shaffi stressed the importance of accurate staging and the availability of appropriate treatment facilities. She pointed out that while Kenya has made strides in making radiation therapy available, treatment accessibility remains a challenge, particularly in rural areas.

In the discussion on alternative therapies, Dr. Afrin emphasized the critical need for patients to seek reliable information and consult credible sources before engaging in alternative medicine practices.

Dr. Anissa added that alternative treatments often lead to delays in seeking conventional medical care, which adversely affects patient outcomes. She stressed the importance of evidence-based medicine and the detrimental impact of these alternative methods on effective treatment.

Regarding survivorship, Dr. Anissa detailed the comprehensive follow-up care provided to cancer survivors, which includes monitoring for recurrence, addressing mental health needs, and promoting a balanced diet and regular physical activity. Survivorship care also involves connecting patients with support groups to aid their adjustment post-treatment. In closing, both Dr. Afrin and Dr. Anissa underscored the importance of vaccination, regular screening, and early treatment to combat cervical cancer effectively. They called for increased public participation in screening and vaccination efforts and stressed the need for continued research and advocacy

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